The Ultimate Guide to Growing St. Augustine from Hydroseed

Introduction to Hydroseeding with St. Augustine Lawn Seed

"Transform your outdoor space with St. Augustine, the ideal choice for hydroseeding in warm climates. Renowned for its lush, vibrant appearance, this grass variety thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8-10, making it perfect for regions that enjoy warm seasons.

Benefits of St. Augustine for Hydroseeding:

Rapid Establishment: St. Augustine germinates quickly, allowing you to enjoy a beautiful lawn sooner.

Heat Tolerance: Its resilience to heat makes it a favorite for sunny landscapes.

Thick, Dense Growth: St. Augustine offers excellent coverage, helping to choke out weeds naturally.

Shade Tolerance: This grass can flourish in partially shaded areas, making it versatile for various yard layouts.

Embrace the beauty and durability of St. Augustine this growing season. With proper hydroseeding techniques, you can cultivate a thriving lawn that enhances your outdoor living experience."

What is St. Augustine?

Overview of St. Augustine Grass

St. Augustine grass is a warm-season turfgrass known for its lush, dense growth habit. It features broad, flat blades that exhibit a deep green color, providing a vibrant appearance in lawns. The texture is coarse to medium, making it comfortable for barefoot walking.

This grass type has moderate to good traffic tolerance, making it suitable for residential yards and light commercial use. It excels in warm, humid climates, thriving in areas with ample sunlight and can tolerate some shade, although it performs best in full sun.

St. Augustine is particularly renowned for its ability to establish quickly and create a thick, carpet-like lawn, making it a popular choice for homeowners seeking a beautiful and resilient landscape.

Takeaway: St. Augustine grass stands out for its rich color and lush texture, making it a favored choice for creating inviting outdoor spaces.

Quick facts

html <table> <tr> <th>Attribute</th> <th>Value</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Season</td> <td>Warm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Growth Habit</td> <td>Spreading</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Blade Texture</td> <td>Coarse</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Color</td> <td>Dark Green</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Germination</td> <td>14-30 days</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Establishment Time</td> <td>12-16 weeks</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Seeding Rate (New Lawn)</td> <td>4-6 lb/1,000 sq ft</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Seeding Rate (Overseeding)</td> <td>2-4 lb/1,000 sq ft</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mowing Height</td> <td>2.5-4 inches</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shade Tolerance</td> <td>Moderate</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Drought Tolerance</td> <td>Low</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Heat Tolerance</td> <td>High</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cold Tolerance</td> <td>Low</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Disease Susceptibility</td> <td>Brown Patch, Gray Leaf Spot, Take-All Patch</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Traffic Tolerance</td> <td>Moderate</td> </tr> </table>

Best uses

Family Lawns: St. Augustine's dense growth habit provides a lush, inviting surface that is perfect for families with children, creating a safe and comfortable area for play and relaxation.
High-Traffic Play Areas: This grass variety is resilient and can withstand foot traffic, making it ideal for areas where kids or pets frequently play.
Shade Spots: St. Augustine thrives in partial to full shade, making it a great choice for yards with trees or structures that limit sunlight, where many other grass types may struggle.
Low-Maintenance Landscapes: Once established, St. Augustine requires moderate care, making it suitable for homeowners seeking a beautiful lawn with less intensive upkeep.
Coastal Areas: St. Augustine is salt-tolerant, making it well-suited for lawns in coastal regions where salt air and soil salinity can be a concern.
Warm Climates: This grass variety is ideal for warmer regions (USDA Zones 8-10), thriving in heat and humidity, thus ensuring a vibrant lawn in suitable climates.
Erosion Control: Its vigorous growth and extensive root system help prevent soil erosion, making it effective for sloped areas or regions prone to runoff.
Aesthetic Appeal: With its rich color and broad blades, St. Augustine enhances the visual appeal of landscapes, making it a popular choice for decorative lawns and gardens.

Soil and sunlight requirements

Ideal Soil for St. Augustine Grass

pH Range: St. Augustine grass thrives best in a soil pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Testing your soil’s pH can be done using a home testing kit or by sending a sample to a local extension service.
Texture: The ideal soil texture for St. Augustine is sandy loam, which provides good drainage while retaining sufficient moisture. A balance of sand, silt, and clay allows for proper root development and nutrient availability.
Organic Matter: A soil organic matter content of at least 3-5% is ideal. Organic matter improves soil structure, enhances nutrient capacity, and promotes microbial activity, all of which benefit St. Augustine grass.
Drainage: Well-draining soil is crucial for St. Augustine grass, as it is susceptible to root rot in overly saturated conditions. Ideally, the soil should drain excess water quickly while still being able to retain some moisture.

Remediation Tips for Poor Soils

Compacted Soils:
- Aerate the soil using a core aerator to alleviate compaction, ideally in the spring or fall.
- Top-dress with a mix of compost and soil to improve aeration and add organic matter.
- Consider adding gypsum to help break up compacted clay soils.
Clay Soils:
- Amend clay soils by incorporating organic matter such as compost, peat moss, or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and texture.
- Use a soil conditioner that contains gypsum to improve soil structure and reduce compaction.
- Avoid heavy traffic on wet clay soils to prevent further compaction.
Sandy Soils:
- Increase nutrient retention by adding organic matter (compost or well-rotted manure) to sandy soils.
- Utilize mulch to help retain moisture and prevent rapid drying.
- Regularly water to maintain moisture levels, as sandy soils drain quickly.

Taking these steps will help create an optimal environment for St. Augustine grass, promoting healthy growth and resilience against pests and diseases.

St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) has specific sunlight needs that can influence its growth and health. Here’s a breakdown of the sunlight requirements:

Sunlight Needs

Full Sun:
- Threshold: Requires at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
- Notes: This is the ideal condition for St. Augustine grass, promoting vigorous growth and a lush, green lawn.
Part Shade:
- Threshold: Can tolerate 4 to 6 hours of sunlight per day.
- Notes: While St. Augustine can survive in part shade, its growth may be slower, and the grass may become more susceptible to pests and diseases. The density and color might also diminish compared to fully sunlit areas.
Shade:
- Threshold: Typically less than 4 hours of sunlight per day.
- Notes: St. Augustine grass struggles in shaded conditions and may not thrive if subjected to prolonged periods of low light. In such areas, it can become thin and weak, leading to a higher chance of disease.

Cultivar Notes

Different cultivars of St. Augustine grass may exhibit varying levels of shade tolerance:

'Floratam': This is one of the most popular cultivars and is better suited for full sun. It has lower shade tolerance.
'Palmetto': Known for its adaptability, 'Palmetto' has a higher shade tolerance compared to 'Floratam' and can perform reasonably well in part shade.
'Raleigh': Another cultivar that has shown good performance in shaded conditions, making it a more suitable option for lawns with limited sunlight.

In summary, while St. Augustine grass thrives in full sun, cultivars like 'Palmetto' and 'Raleigh' provide better options for areas with partial shade, whereas 'Floratam' is best reserved for sunnier locations.

Seeding rate and coverage

Here's an HTML table that presents the seeding rates for St. Augustine grass:

```html

Seeding Method
lb/1,000 sq ft
kg/100 m²
Coverage per 50-lb bag
Typical Mulch/Fiber Load in Hydroseed Slurry

New Lawn
4-6
2-3
8,333-12,500 sq ft
1,000-2,000 lbs

Overseeding
2-4
1-2
12,500-25,000 sq ft
1,000-2,000 lbs

Note: When adjusting seeding rates, consider factors such as slope and soil conditions. Steeper slopes may require higher rates to ensure adequate coverage, while poor soil conditions may necessitate an increase in the amount of seed used for better establishment.
```

This table includes all the requested columns and provides information on both new lawn establishment and overseeding for St. Augustine grass, along with a note on adjusting rates based on environmental factors.

Site preparation

Kill Existing Vegetation: Apply a non-selective herbicide to eliminate all existing grass and weeds, ensuring a clean slate for seeding.
Clear the Area: Remove any debris, rocks, or organic matter from the site to prepare for grading and seeding.
Grade the Soil: Level the soil surface to prevent low spots that can collect water and ensure even coverage for the hydroseed mix.
Address Drainage Issues: Evaluate and improve drainage by creating swales or installing drainage pipes where necessary to avoid water pooling.
Conduct a Soil Test: Test the soil to determine pH and nutrient levels, which will guide amendment decisions before planting.
Add Amendments: Incorporate lime to adjust pH and compost to enhance soil fertility and structure based on soil test results.
Final Rake and Roll: Rake the soil to create a fine seedbed and use a roller to firm the surface, ensuring good seed-to-soil contact.
Perform a Watering Test: Lightly water the prepared area to check for proper drainage and ensure the soil retains moisture without pooling.
Adjust Soil Conditions if Necessary: If issues arise during the watering test, amend the soil further or adjust grading as needed before hydroseeding.
Plan for Hydroseeding: Once the site is fully prepared, schedule the hydroseeding application for optimal growing conditions.

Recommended hydroseed mix

For a hydroseed mix optimized for St. Augustine grass, consider the following components and their respective percentages:

Recommended Hydroseed Mix:

Seed Species/Cultivars:
- St. Augustine Grass (e.g., Floratam or Palmetto): 80%
- Perennial Ryegrass (for quick establishment): 15%
- Bermudagrass (as a companion for durability): 5%
Mulch Type and Weight:
- Type: Wood fiber mulch
- Weight: 1,500 lbs per 1,000 sq ft
Tackifier:
- Type: Natural based tackifier (e.g., guar gum or cellulose-based)
- Rate: 20 lbs per 1,000 sq ft
Starter Fertilizer:
- Analysis: 18-24-12 (N-P-K ratio)
- Rate: 10 lbs per 1,000 sq ft
Biostimulants:
- Type: Seaweed extract or humic acid
- Rate: 1-2 gallons per 1,000 sq ft

Explanation of Why This Mix Works:

St. Augustine Grass Component: St. Augustine is a warm-season grass that thrives in the southern U.S. It establishes well with proper moisture and protection from competition, which is why it forms the primary component of the mix.
Perennial Ryegrass: This species germinates quickly and establishes rapidly, providing ground cover while the slower germinating St. Augustine grass takes root. It helps prevent erosion and weed establishment during the initial growth phase.
Bermudagrass: Adding a small percentage of Bermudagrass can enhance durability and drought tolerance, making the lawn more resilient to varying conditions once the St. Augustine grass is established.
Wood Fiber Mulch: This type of mulch retains moisture, improves soil structure, and provides a protective layer that reduces erosion. It is also biodegradable, which adds organic matter to the soil as it decomposes.
Tackifier: The tackifier helps to bind the mulch, seed, and fertilizer together, ensuring that they remain in place during heavy rains or watering. This improves seed-to-soil contact, which is crucial for germination.
Starter Fertilizer: The N-P-K ratio of 18-24-12 provides a balanced supply of nutrients, promoting root development and overall growth in the early stages, which is essential for establishing a healthy lawn.
Biostimulants: Incorporating biostimulants like seaweed extract or humic acid can enhance root growth and improve nutrient uptake, creating a healthier lawn that is more resilient to stressors such as drought or pests.

This mix is designed to support the establishment of St. Augustine grass while ensuring quick germination and the resilience needed for long-term success.

When blending St. Augustine grass with other species, it's important to consider the specific conditions and desired outcomes for your lawn. Here are some compatible species with suggested blending percentages and their ideal use cases:

Blend Options for St. Augustine Grass

St. Augustine and Bermuda Grass
- Suggested Blend: 70% St. Augustine, 30% Bermuda
- Best Use: High traffic areas
- Notes: This blend provides the lush appearance of St. Augustine while adding the resilience and wear tolerance of Bermuda, making it ideal for lawns that experience heavy foot traffic.
St. Augustine and Zoysia Grass
- Suggested Blend: 60% St. Augustine, 40% Zoysia
- Best Use: Shady areas
- Notes: Zoysia is more shade-tolerant than St. Augustine. This blend allows for a robust lawn that thrives in partial to full shade without sacrificing the aesthetic quality of St. Augustine.
St. Augustine and Fescue
- Suggested Blend: 50% St. Augustine, 50% Tall Fescue
- Best Use: Drought-prone areas
- Notes: Tall fescue is known for its drought resistance. This blend can help maintain lawn health during dry spells while still retaining the lush look of St. Augustine.
St. Augustine and Kentucky Bluegrass
- Suggested Blend: 70% St. Augustine, 30% Kentucky Bluegrass
- Best Use: Color enhancement
- Notes: Kentucky Bluegrass can enhance the color of a St. Augustine lawn during cooler months. This blend works well in transitional climates where seasonal color is desirable.
St. Augustine and Perennial Ryegrass
- Suggested Blend: 80% St. Augustine, 20% Perennial Ryegrass
- Best Use: Quick establishment
- Notes: Perennial ryegrass germinates quickly and provides a green cover while St. Augustine is establishing. This blend is beneficial for quick patches or overseeding to ensure year-round greenery.

Considerations for Choosing Blends

Traffic Tolerance: For high-traffic areas, consider adding more wear-resistant species like Bermuda.
Shade Conditions: In shaded environments, Zoysia is a strong candidate to mix with St. Augustine.
Drought Resistance: Incorporating Tall Fescue can improve drought resistance.
Aesthetic Appeal: Blending with Kentucky Bluegrass can enhance the color palette of your lawn.

When choosing a blend, assess the specific conditions of your lawn, including sun exposure, soil type, and intended use, to achieve the best results.

Watering schedule (Day 0 to Day 60)

Watering Timeline for St. Augustine from Seeding to Full Establishment

| Week | Watering Schedule | Morning vs Evening Guidance | Rainfall Adjustments |
|------|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
| 1 | Light watering 2-3 times per day | Water in the morning | Reduce watering if rainfall > 0.25" |
| 2 | Light watering 1-2 times per day | Water in the morning | Adjust if rainfall > 0.25" |
| 3 | Taper down to watering every other day | Water in the morning or evening | Reduce or skip watering if rainfall |
| 4 | Water every 2-3 days, ensuring deeper soaking | Preferably in the morning | Adjust based on rainfall |
| 5 | Water every 3-4 days, deeper soaking | Water in the morning or evening | If rainfall occurs, skip watering |
| 6 | Water every 4-5 days, focusing on deeper soaking | Water in the morning | Adjust if rainfall exceeds 0.5" |
| 7 | Water every 5-7 days, maintaining soil moisture | Water in the morning or evening | Monitor rainfall and adjust as needed |
| 8+ | Transition to regular watering schedule as needed | Morning is ideal for evaporation | Continue to adjust based on rainfall |

Key Notes:

Morning Watering: Preferred to minimize evaporation and allow grass to dry before evening, reducing disease risk.
Evening Watering: If necessary, ensure grass has time to dry overnight to prevent fungal issues.
Rainfall Adjustments: Always check the weather and adjust your watering schedule accordingly to avoid overwatering.

Mowing schedule and height

When it comes to mowing St. Augustine grass, timing and height are crucial for maintaining a healthy lawn.

Initial Mowing Threshold:

You should begin mowing St. Augustine grass when it reaches a height of about 3 to 4 inches. This allows the grass to establish a strong root system before being cut.

Initial Blade Care:

During the first cut, it is important to ensure that the mower blades are sharp. Dull blades can tear the grass, making it more susceptible to disease and stress. Set the mower to cut at a height that removes only the top third of the grass blades, which helps encourage healthy growth without putting the grass under stress.

Ongoing Mowing Height Range:

Once established, St. Augustine should be mowed regularly to maintain a height between 2.5 to 4 inches. Keeping it within this range promotes optimal health, allowing for adequate photosynthesis and moisture retention.

Heat Waves and Drought Stress Adjustments:

In the event of heat waves or drought conditions, consider raising the mowing height slightly to 4 inches. Taller grass provides more shade to the soil, which can help reduce evaporation and protect the roots from heat stress. Additionally, during such conditions, it may be beneficial to reduce the frequency of mowing to prevent further stress on the grass. Always monitor the lawn closely and adjust practices based on its condition and local weather patterns.

Fertilization plan (first year)

A simple fertilization plan for St. Augustine grass involves a strategic approach to ensure healthy growth without the risks associated with over-fertilization. Here’s a recommended plan:

Fertilization Plan for St. Augustine Grass

Initial Fertilization at Seeding:
- Apply a starter fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio suitable for new grass, such as 15-30-15 or 10-20-10.
- Use approximately 1 lb N per 1,000 sq ft at the time of seeding to promote strong root development.
Follow-Up Feedings:
- First Follow-Up Feeding:
  - Timing: 6-8 weeks after seeding.
  - Rate: Apply 1 lb N per 1,000 sq ft.
- Second Follow-Up Feeding:
  - Timing: 8-10 weeks after the first feeding.
  - Rate: Again, apply 1 lb N per 1,000 sq ft.
- Regular Maintenance Feedings:
  - Timing: Every 6-8 weeks during the growing season.
  - Rate: Maintain a feeding schedule of 0.5-1 lb N per 1,000 sq ft.

Important Considerations:

Soil Testing: It’s highly recommended to conduct a soil test before starting any fertilization plan. This will help determine the existing nutrient levels and pH, allowing you to tailor your fertilization to the specific needs of your lawn.
Over-Fertilization Warning: Be cautious of over-fertilization, as it can lead to excessive growth, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, and potential environmental harm through runoff. Always follow the recommended rates and timing to maintain a healthy lawn.

By adhering to this fertilization plan and considering soil testing, you can ensure your St. Augustine grass thrives effectively throughout the growing season.

Germination and establishment

St. Augustine grass typically has a germination period of about 14 to 30 days, depending on environmental conditions. The optimal soil temperature for germination is around 70°F to 100°F (21°C to 38°C). When soil temperatures are within this range, germination can occur more quickly, while cooler temperatures may extend the germination period.

Visible signs of healthy sprouting include:

Emerging Seedlings: Small green shoots breaking through the soil surface, usually appearing upright and healthy.
Color: A vibrant green color indicates good health, while yellowing can signify stress or poor conditions.
Leaf Development: Healthy seedlings will begin to develop their first true leaves, which should be broad and healthy-looking.
Root Establishment: Although not visible above ground, a robust root system will support the healthy growth of the grass, which may indirectly be observed through the stability of the seedlings.

Monitoring these signs during the germination period can help ensure that the St. Augustine grass is establishing well in its environment.

Achieving full establishment of a grass lawn involves several key milestones, focusing on both density and root depth. Here’s a breakdown of those milestones and care practices throughout the first season, including summer and winter considerations, traffic limitations, and stress mitigation strategies.

Milestones to Full Establishment

Initial Germination (Weeks 1-3)
- Density: During this stage, seeds begin to germinate and small seedlings emerge. Expect patchy coverage initially.
- Root Depth: Roots are primarily shallow as seedlings focus on establishing themselves above ground.
Seedling Development (Weeks 3-6)
- Density: Grass density starts to increase as seedlings grow. Regular watering and possibly the introduction of a light fertilizer can promote growth.
- Root Depth: Roots begin to develop deeper, typically reaching 1-2 inches by the end of this period.
Turf Establishment (Weeks 6-12)
- Density: By this time, the lawn should begin to fill in more consistently, with a noticeable increase in turf density.
- Root Depth: Roots may extend 3-4 inches deep, improving the lawn's resilience against environmental stresses.
Full Establishment (3-6 Months)
- Density: The lawn should achieve a dense, lush appearance, with minimal bare patches.
- Root Depth: Roots can reach depths of 6 inches or more, contributing to better drought resistance and overall health.

First-Season Care

Summer Care

Watering: Ensure consistent moisture, especially during hot spells. Deep watering encourages deeper root growth.
Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer in mid-summer to support growth without causing excessive top growth.
Mowing: Keep mowing to a height appropriate for the grass type, typically 3-4 inches, to reduce stress and promote healthy growth.
Traffic Limitations: Limit foot and vehicular traffic to prevent soil compaction and allow the grass to establish fully.

Winter Care

Dormancy: Most grasses will enter dormancy during the winter. Avoid heavy traffic on the lawn, as the grass is more susceptible to damage.
Aeration: If possible, aerate the lawn in early fall before the first frost to relieve compaction and enhance root growth.
Mulching: Apply a light layer of mulch or compost to protect the soil and provide nutrients as the grass breaks dormancy in spring.

Stress Mitigation Strategies

Monitoring: Regularly inspect the lawn for signs of stress, such as discoloration or wilting. Adjust care practices accordingly.
Soil Health: Maintain healthy soil through aeration and proper fertilization to support root development and prevent compaction.
Adaptation: Be prepared to adjust watering and fertilization schedules based on weather conditions and grass type.

By focusing on these milestones and care practices, you can promote a healthy lawn that is well-established and resilient to traffic and environmental stressors.

Ongoing maintenance

Here's a practical month-by-month maintenance calendar for St. Augustine grass:

January

Mowing: Not necessary; grass is dormant.
Watering: Water as needed, depending on rainfall.
Fertilization: Delay fertilization until spring.
Dethatching: Check for thatch buildup; if necessary, plan for dethatching in late winter or early spring.
Aeration: Not recommended during dormancy.

February

Mowing: Not necessary; grass remains dormant.
Watering: Water as needed.
Fertilization: Consider applying a pre-emergent herbicide towards the end of the month.
Dethatching: If thatch is present, prepare for dethatching in March.
Aeration: Not recommended during dormancy.

March

Mowing: Begin mowing as grass starts to green up; maintain a height of 2.5-4 inches.
Watering: Increase watering as temperatures rise; aim for 1 inch per week.
Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer, focusing on nitrogen.
Dethatching: If needed, dethatch this month.
Aeration: Aerate if necessary, especially if the soil is compacted.

April

Mowing: Regular mowing every 7-14 days as growth increases.
Watering: Continue with 1 inch per week; adjust based on rainfall.
Fertilization: Apply a slow-release fertilizer if not done in March.
Dethatching: Complete if not done last month.
Aeration: Aerate if not completed in March.

May

Mowing: Maintain mowing schedule; keep grass at recommended height.
Watering: Ensure consistent watering, especially in hotter areas.
Fertilization: Apply a second round of fertilizer if needed.
Dethatching: Not typically necessary; monitor condition.
Aeration: Aerate as needed, especially in high-traffic areas.

June

Mowing: Continue regular mowing.
Watering: Water deeply and infrequently; adjust for heat.
Fertilization: Avoid heavy fertilization during peak heat; use light applications if needed.
Dethatching: Not necessary; monitor lawn condition.
Aeration: If not aerated earlier, consider aerating in early summer.

July

Mowing: Maintain height; mow regularly.
Watering: Water deeply, ensuring moisture reaches roots.
Fertilization: Light feeding can be applied if necessary.
Dethatching: Not needed at this time.
Aeration: Monitor soil condition, aerate if compacted.

August

Mowing: Continue regular mowing.
Watering: Maintain deep watering; adjust according to rainfall.
Fertilization: Apply a light feeding if the lawn shows signs of stress.
Dethatching: Not typically necessary.
Aeration: Consider aeration if compaction is observed.

September

Mowing: Regular mowing; begin to reduce height slightly.
Watering: Gradually adjust watering as temperatures cool.
Fertilization: Apply a fall fertilizer to prepare for winter.
Dethatching: If thatch is present, consider dethatching.
Aeration: Ideal time for aeration; do it this month if needed.

October

Mowing: Reduce mowing frequency as growth slows.
Watering: Water as needed, decreasing frequency.
Fertilization: Final feeding should be done by mid-month.
Dethatching: Complete if necessary.
Aeration: Continue aeration if not done in September.

November

Mowing: Last mow of the season; keep grass at 2.5-3 inches.
Watering: Water as necessary; prepare for dormancy.
Fertilization: No further fertilization needed.
Dethatching: Not necessary.
Aeration: Not typically done this month.

December

Mowing: Not necessary; grass is dormant.
Watering: Water as needed, depending on rainfall.
Fertilization: Delay until spring.
Dethatching: Not needed.
Aeration: Not recommended during dormancy.

This calendar focuses on practical maintenance tasks throughout the year to keep your St. Augustine grass healthy and thriving. Adjustments may be necessary based on specific regional climate conditions.

Common pests and diseases

Top Pests and Diseases Affecting St. Augustine Grass

Chinch Bugs
- Identification Cues: Small black insects with white wings, often found in patches of yellowing grass.
- Prevention/Treatment Basics: Promote healthy grass through proper watering and mowing. If necessary, treat with insecticidal soap or an appropriate insecticide.
Grubs (Larvae of Beetles)
- Identification Cues: Irregular brown patches; presence of beetles in spring/summer.
- Prevention/Treatment Basics: Maintain healthy soil and grass conditions. Use beneficial nematodes or an insecticide if grub damage is evident.
Brown Patch (Fungal Disease)
- Identification Cues: Circular brown patches, often with a dark border, typically appearing in warm, humid conditions.
- Prevention/Treatment Basics: Improve air circulation and avoid excessive watering. Fungicides may be used if cultural practices do not suffice.
Dollar Spot (Fungal Disease)
- Identification Cues: Small, round, tan spots about the size of a silver dollar.
- Prevention/Treatment Basics: Maintain proper mowing height and nitrogen levels. Apply fungicides if the disease persists.
Gray Leaf Spot (Fungal Disease)
- Identification Cues: Grayish lesions on the leaves, often occurring in hot and humid conditions.
- Prevention/Treatment Basics: Avoid high nitrogen fertilization during hot months; improve drainage. Fungicides can be applied as a last resort.
Nematodes
- Identification Cues: Stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and poor overall health of grass.
- Prevention/Treatment Basics: Use resistant varieties and promote healthy soil. Soil solarization or nematicides may be considered for severe infestations.
Armyworms
- Identification Cues: Presence of small, green caterpillars that consume grass blades, leading to rapid lawn damage.
- Prevention/Treatment Basics: Encourage birds and natural predators; consider introducing beneficial insects. If necessary, apply a targeted insecticide.

Note:

For any pest or disease management, integrated pest management strategies that include cultural controls, monitoring, and chemical treatments (if absolutely needed) are recommended for the best results.

Regional adaptations

St. Augustine grass is best suited for warm, humid environments and performs optimally in the warmer USDA zones. Here's a summary of its performance across different USDA zones:

Zones 3–5

Performance: St. Augustine grass is not recommended for these zones due to cold sensitivity.
Heat/Cold Sensitivity: It struggles with temperatures below 10°F (-12°C) and cannot withstand frost; in these cooler climates, it will not thrive.
Cultivar Recommendations: None recommended for these zones.

Zones 6–7

Performance: St. Augustine can grow in the warmer parts of Zone 6, but it may face challenges in colder winters.
Heat/Cold Sensitivity: Moderate cold sensitivity; it can survive mild winters but may require protection from frost.
Drought Sensitivity: Moderate; it may require more watering during dry spells.
Cultivar Recommendations: 'Floratam' is a popular choice for its heat tolerance and disease resistance.

Zones 8–9+

Performance: St. Augustine thrives in these zones, exhibiting robust growth and rich color.
Heat/Cold Sensitivity: Highly heat tolerant but still vulnerable to cold snaps; can tolerate temperatures up to 100°F (38°C) and beyond.
Drought Sensitivity: Low to moderate; while it is more drought-tolerant than in cooler zones, consistent watering is still beneficial.
Cultivar Recommendations: 'Palmetto' and 'Raleigh' are favored for their drought resistance and adaptability, while 'Floratam' remains a strong option due to its resilience to pests and diseases.

Conclusion

Overall, St. Augustine grass is ideal for USDA zones 8 and above, with limited adaptability in the warmer regions of zones 6 and 7. Its performance decreases significantly in colder zones due to its sensitivity to frost and low temperatures. Proper cultivar selection is key to maximizing its growth and resilience based on the specific conditions of each zone.

Best time to seed

Seeding Windows for St. Augustine Grass

Warm-Season Regions:
- Early Window: Late spring (April to early June)
- Temperature Threshold: Soil temperatures consistently above 65°F.
- Late Window: Mid-summer (July to early August)
- Temperature Threshold: Soil temperatures ideally between 70°F and 85°F.

Cool-Season Regions:
- Early Window: Late spring (April to early June)
- Temperature Threshold: Soil temperatures above 65°F.
- Late Window: Not recommended for fall; growth slows significantly as temperatures drop.

Key Points:

St. Augustine thrives best in warm climates, so focus seeding efforts during warm-season months.
Monitor soil temperature to ensure optimal germination conditions.

Pros and cons

Pros of St. Augustine Grass

Warm-Season Grass: Thrives in warm climates, ideal for southern regions.
Dense Growth: Forms a thick, lush lawn that effectively chokes out weeds.
Shade Tolerance: Performs well in partially shaded areas, unlike many other grass types.
Soft Texture: Provides a comfortable surface for barefoot walking and outdoor activities.
Rapid Establishment: Quick to grow and fill in, making it suitable for quick lawn cover.
Drought Resistance: Once established, it can tolerate periods of drought better than some grasses.

Cons of St. Augustine Grass

High Water Needs: Requires regular watering, particularly during dry spells, to stay healthy.
Susceptibility to Pests: More prone to certain pests and diseases, such as chinch bugs and gray leaf spot.
Limited Cold Tolerance: Struggles in cooler climates and can suffer in frost-prone areas.
Heavy Thatch Build-Up: Prone to thatch, which can lead to drainage issues and require regular maintenance.
Mowing Requirements: Needs frequent mowing to maintain optimal height and appearance.
Cost of Establishment: Typically more expensive to establish compared to seeded grasses, as it is often laid as sod.

Cost

Estimating the cost to hydroseed St. Augustine grass per 1,000 sq ft involves several components including seed, mulch/fiber, tackifier, fertilizer, water usage, and labor. Below is a breakdown of these costs with low, average, and high ranges.

1. Seed Cost:

St. Augustine Seed: St. Augustine is primarily established through sod rather than seed, but if using a blend, expect seed costs to range from $0.10 to $0.25 per square foot.
- Low: $100 (1,000 sq ft at $0.10)
- Average: $200 (1,000 sq ft at $0.20)
- High: $250 (1,000 sq ft at $0.25)

2. Mulch/Fiber:

Cost: Mulch or fiber typically costs between $0.05 to $0.15 per square foot.
- Low: $50 (1,000 sq ft at $0.05)
- Average: $100 (1,000 sq ft at $0.10)
- High: $150 (1,000 sq ft at $0.15)

3. Tackifier:

Cost: Tackifiers can range from $0.02 to $0.05 per square foot.
- Low: $20 (1,000 sq ft at $0.02)
- Average: $40 (1,000 sq ft at $0.04)
- High: $50 (1,000 sq ft at $0.05)

4. Fertilizer:

Cost: Fertilizer application ranges from $0.05 to $0.20 per square foot.
- Low: $50 (1,000 sq ft at $0.05)
- Average: $100 (1,000 sq ft at $0.10)
- High: $200 (1,000 sq ft at $0.20)

5. Water Usage:

Cost: Watering costs can be variable based on local rates, but generally, you might estimate about $0.01 to $0.03 per square foot for initial watering during establishment.
- Low: $10 (1,000 sq ft at $0.01)
- Average: $20 (1,000 sq ft at $0.02)
- High: $30 (1,000 sq ft at $0.03)

6. Installer Labor:

Cost: Labor for hydroseeding typically ranges from $0.15 to $0.50 per square foot.
- Low: $150 (1,000 sq ft at $0.15)
- Average: $300 (1,000 sq ft at $0.30)
- High: $500 (1,000 sq ft at $0.50)

Total Estimated Costs:

Low Range:
- Seed: $100
- Mulch/Fiber: $50
- Tackifier: $20
- Fertilizer: $50
- Water: $10
- Labor: $150
- Total: $380
Average Range:
- Seed: $200
- Mulch/Fiber: $100
- Tackifier: $40
- Fertilizer: $100
- Water: $20
- Labor: $300
- Total: $860
High Range:
- Seed: $250
- Mulch/Fiber: $150
- Tackifier: $50
- Fertilizer: $200
- Water: $30
- Labor: $500
- Total: $1,180

Coverage Examples for 50-lb Bag:

A 50-lb bag of St. Augustine seed may cover approximately 1,000 to 1,200 sq ft depending on the specific blend and application method. Therefore, one bag might be sufficient for a 1,000 sq ft area, with some left over for patching or overseeding.

Summary of Cost Ranges:

Low Estimate: $380
Average Estimate: $860
High Estimate: $1,180

These estimates can vary based on local prices, specific materials used, labor rates, and regional factors.

Frequently asked questions

How shade tolerant is St. Augustine grass?

St. Augustine grass is moderately shade tolerant. It can thrive in areas with partial shade but performs best with at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
How well does St. Augustine recover from wear and tear?

St. Augustine has a good recovery rate from moderate wear, thanks to its vigorous growth habit. However, it may struggle in high-traffic areas without proper care and maintenance.
Is St. Augustine grass pet-friendly?

Yes, St. Augustine is generally considered pet-friendly. It can withstand foot traffic from pets, but regular maintenance is needed to keep it healthy and resilient.
What are the watering needs for St. Augustine grass?

St. Augustine prefers about 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation. It's best to water deeply and infrequently to encourage deep root growth.
What is the recommended mowing height for St. Augustine grass?

The ideal mowing height for St. Augustine is between 2.5 to 4 inches. Keeping it at this height helps promote healthy growth and reduces stress on the grass.
What is the risk of thatch buildup with St. Augustine grass?

St. Augustine grass can be susceptible to thatch buildup, especially if over-fertilized or mowed too short. Regular aeration and proper maintenance can help manage thatch levels.
Is St. Augustine compatible with overseeding?

St. Augustine is not typically recommended for overseeding with cool-season grasses, as they may not thrive in the warmer climate where St. Augustine flourishes. If overseeding, consider warm-season blends that complement it.